Tutorial: Setting up AutoCAD Lineweights

Lineweights in CAD can be a bit difficult until you learn the tricks. At my school they taught us that you can set up lineweights in two ways; by layer and by color. You can also use both to setup lineweights, though sometimes they can cause issues when printing. This tutorial goes through the basics of setting up your lineweights in AutoCAD using these two methods.

Lineweights by Layer

To set your lineweights by layer you need to open the Layer Properties window.

Now you need to set up your layers. Add as many layers as you want lineweights, name the layers so you know which lineweight is which, then set the lineweight of that layer to the desired lineweight.

This is the simplest way to set the lineweights of your drawing. The hardest part is to be sure that each line is the proper weight as you are drafting. To visually see the different lineweights, click on the show/hide lineweight button is pressed on the bottom of the window.

Using simple lineweights like this, you do not need to worry about the plotstyle since all the layer colors are white / black (depending on your background color). Once colors are selected for each layer, you will need to edit the plot style table so line colors will be correct. If you are having issues with color, try selecting the greyscale plot style table. It is only a quick fix, though I will discuss layers colors and plot styles in the next section to help you get it to look correct.

Lineweights by Color

Using layer colors can make setting up lineweights much easier. If you work in a firm, ask a fellow employee to explain the standards the firm uses and use those for your school work. This will make your life easier and avoid confusion. Of course you can always create your own simple styles like I have.

To start creating your own, we need to talk about AutoCAD colors. There are many colors in AutoCAD and to create different colors, there are only a few that are generally used as to not make it so difficult. The AutoCAD Colors are below.

The colors highlighted above are colors 1-9 and are the ones generally used. The best approach is to create an order of layer colors, from the smallest lineweight to the largest lineweight and keep this hierarchy in mind when you draft in AutoCAD. The lineweight of the layer (as seen in the previous section) will remain default while the plotstyle file will dictate the lineweight and printed color of each color you select. Make sense? Basically, the colors, no matter which you select, you can have them print in any color and set any color to be a certain weight. More on plotstyles later.

At this point you should understand the hierarchy of lineweights used in an architectural drawing so begin creating layers of different colors, from colors 1-9. I use the following, from the smallest to the largest:

blue - white - green - red - cyan - magenta

Yellow is reserved for text and dimensions only, while grey (color 9) is reserved for furniture, people, etc and usually is printed grey rather than black. You can always use blue for furniture and people rather than grey depending on what you are going for and print it black and use grey for something else. It is up to you to figure out your own style. I do recommend using yellow for text and reserve grey for something you might want grey.

Next, set up your layers much like you did before. This time make sure the lineweights are set to default so the plotstyle lineweights will be used.

Plot Style Table

Now that you have your layers set up, now get into the plot window, click on the plot style table and select new.

Now there are a few things you need to click through. Since you are going to customize your plot styles, in the first window you will click on Start from scratch and click next.

Next you need to name your new plot style and click next.

Lastly you will click on the Plot Style Table Editor button in order to customize your lineweights which will open the editor for you.

The Plot Style Table Editor window is where you set the print color and the lineweight of each color. Select each color you used on the left and set its color and lineweight on the right. You don't need to worry about the rest if you are a novice.

Once you are done save and close the Plot Style Table Editor. You can update this new plot style file whenever you want. My trick is to create a Plot Style for each scale or group of scales you are printing. This way the lineweights appear correct no matter the scale and all you have to do is set the plot style to the layout. Once you have done a couple test prints, you will not have to think about your lineweights and just simply use the colors to dictate which ones are smaller and bigger. It is much like assigning a color to your drafting leads and when they print, they print in the correct weight so you can see the lineweight by color rather than by thickness as you draft. As you complete a layout and you would like to check your work, you can see my other tutorial on how to see Plot Styles and Lineweights in AutoCAD's Layout Tab. Below you can see a before and after from the tutorial.

I hope you have found this tutorial helpful. AutoCAD can be unfriendly when it comes to printing and these tips can help save you time and effort.

Tutorial: Hand Rendering Elevations

Hand Rendered Elevation

Elevations are an important part of architectural design. There are many ways to create elevations. You can use Sketchup, AutoCAD, Revit or one of the many other rendering programs out there. Creating a three dimensional model for elevations is very time consuming and creating a two dimensional elevations in AutoCAD also requires a lot of time and effort to get the right textures and line weights, much less taking the time to render them in Photoshop. Thus, the quickest way to create an elevation is to complete them by hand. This way you can also choose the detail of the rendering depending on the amount of time you have as well as work through elevation iterations to define your ideas without the hassle of computer rendering.

Since a studio or professional project involves the creation of scale plans in whichever program you use, you can use these primarily plans to create rough elevations of your proposed building. These rough elevations can also be used later to create final elevations of your building or if you have them already done, use them to create hand rendered elevations.


You will need

• CAD Print (preferably printed to scale)
• Drafting Tape or Drafting Dots
• Vellum or Trace (white)
• Pens (at least 3 thicknesses) or Pencils (at least two lead types)
• Markers or colored pencils 
• Scanner

Original CAD Printout

Scale Printout

Print your elevation to be rendered to scale using whichever program you use. Take the print and put trace paper or vellum over it to trace the lines. You can have all the windows or doors already placed in the elevation or use it as a background to help you play around with your design. If you don't have a scaled drawing, either start drafting them, or freehand a sketch of them will work just as well.

At this point you should be familiar with creating an elevation from plans or from your head. If you are still starting to conceptualize your building's exterior, create a rough version of your facade either on the computer or on the paper. It is good to put in floor heights (dashed) with heights, as well as any defining features you want to implement so anyone reviewing them with you can see your thinking. This will help you formulate window openings on the facade. Be sure not to forget how thick your floors will end up being so don't make your windows too tall, unless of course, that is your intention.


Tracing

CAD Hand Tracing (on trace)

Tape your original down on two opposite sides to keep it in place then tape your vellum or trace paper on the 4 corners. I say this only because I have had the paper I was tracing on rip, fold or even become misaligned. Now before you start tracing you need to decide whether or not you want to make a hard-lined (drawn with a ruler) or sketchy elevation. If you aren't doing a final drawing, go sketchy (no ruler) and it will be more artistic and much quicker. You can also hard-line only some of the lines, such as the ground plane, building boundary, or whatever you think would benefit the intent of your drawing.

When tracing or sketching you should ideally use 3 different pen thicknesses or at least 2 different pencil leads (click here for pencil lead help) depending on the detail you are going for, varying pressure on the pen or pencil will also give you different line thicknesses. Use different line weights to highlight the fenestration, overhangs, etc. within your building. When going sketchy, show your style, if you are going hard-lined, make sure your line weights look right. Going back over them again can be a waste of time. When using pen, use an edge that is made for pen, which will help with smudging.

For this drawing I used Pelikan Techno Liner Pens which are fairly cheap, come 8 in a pack (0.1mm - 0.8mm) and are great for sketching. I use them a lot when working on studio stuff. I used 0.1mm, 0.2mm, and a 0.5mm for this trace, however I think they don't make them anymore. I would instead recommend getting a set of Prismacolor Premiere Fine Line Markers as a bit of a higher quality substitute. You can use Pigma Micron Ink Pens as well. I find they work better on ink or drawing paper rather than on vellum or trace. I also used white trace paper which is much cheaper than velum and comes in 20 or 50 yard rolls. If you are new to architecture, you will use trace more than you could possible imagine.

Coloring

Pen trace with shading on front and color on back

After you have completed the tracing part it is time to color. Here is the trick, color on the back of the page. If you do, the color will be muted, the line work will be more readable and help reduce smudging. This will also help to mute loud colors, as well as give the color more of the paper's texture. To color I use either marker or colored pencil though I find marker to be much faster than pencil and easier to color consistently once you are use to it. A big collection of markers and/or colored pencils are recommended to make the process easier.

In this example I used Prismacolor Premier Double Ended Art Markers. Always take out the colors you might want to use and try them together on a piece of scrap of the same type of paper to see what they look like. Of course you can just shade the elevation rather than color it and call it done. When using marker, you can create the shading by making the colors darker under overhangs. Another way is to shade the elevation on the front using a gray marker and use the color on the back, this way the color and shading won't run together and help to define your facade. If you are using colored pencil you can blend the shading with the color on the back of the paper without and issue since colored pencil is actually wax, just remember you can't erase it too well. I suggest adding the shading last when using pencil, do whichever with marker, just be sure to let it dry before you move onto another color or they will smudge together. It is up to you to decide what you want the final product to be, so experiment.

CAD Sketch Layered over Color Trace

Layers: CAD Trace, Shadows, and Color

Another coloring trick is to color over your traced elevation using a separate piece of trace or velum (preferably use trace since the paper is much cheaper). If you use this method you can change the coloring of the elevations if you decide to, or you can also add more layers to it. For one final drawing I used 3 layers of color behind the original tracing of the elevation; the new building's color, building shading and street color. This way, the important colors are more vibrant than the less important colors like the trees in front of the building or on the street. Just be sure to place them behind the traced layer before scanning or before class. I use drafting tape to tape them together at the edges. I generally use this layering method if I think I might change the material or add to the elevation later. This method take a bit longer and aligning the pages together can become difficult. It is important to note that if you get a final sketch in pen and you are afraid of messing it up, use this technique to figure out how you want your building to look and you can scan it anyway and if you mess it up, you can always coloring another piece of trace rather then waste the time tracing the elevation all over again.

When coloring, I recommend coloring in the direction of the material. What I mean is that if your building is brick, color horizontally using the small tip in order to get the feel of brick. Do the same thing for which ever material you are using. While using marker, having a tissue or paper towel handy will help you blot up any pools of color left when you lift up the marker. You can also plan ahead and pick up the marker in a place where you want it darker. Ending where there is a shadow will also help you define the building facade further. Again, this is all about your personal style, so play around and figure out what works best for you.


Scanning
 
For whatever reason a scan looks even better than the original. I only have a 9x12 inch scanner yet I get great results blowing up the renders to triple their original size. The trick there is to scan the original at 150% or 200% the size which will get you a very clear scan.

Once you have it scanned, play with it in Photoshop a bit to get the colors right or you can even leave it alone. I tend to edit my scans so the background becomes white. Be sure to save any changes to a new edited file so you always have the original scan to edit if you need to. Below is the before and after of my work. You can see the tape holding the layers of trace together in the scan keeping them aligned.

Original scanned elevation and after being Photoshop

I hope this post was helpful. It took me a while to figure it all out myself. If you have any comments, questions, or additional tips, feel free to comment below or send me an e-mail.

More Tutorials
 
You can also use pencil to create elevations. If you are new to the architecture field and are interested in knowing more about pencils, their different leads and types, check our the Architectural Student's Tutorial on Pencils and Leads. If you are interested in learning more about drafting techniques, please see our Hand Drafting Tutorial.